Impianti Dentali

Cosa sono gli impianti dentali?

Gli impianti dentali sono radici artificiali realizzate in titanio e vengono posizionate nella mascella. Gli impianti dentali sono viti metalliche permanenti che fissano denti artificiali, come corone o protesi. Gli impianti dentali rappresentano il metodo più comodo e naturale per inserire denti artificiali.

Perché vengono eseguiti gli impianti dentali?

Gli impianti dentali vengono utilizzati per ripristinare i denti persi o danneggiati del paziente. La perdita di denti può essere causata da numerosi motivi, tra cui:

  • Caries
  • Eccessivo digrignare o serrare i denti
  • Malattia delle gengive
  • Denti mancanti congeniti
  • Traumi facciali

Quali sono le condizioni per gli impianti dentali?

Gli impianti dentali sono consigliati ai pazienti che:

  • Hanno più di 18 anni, poiché la mascella deve aver raggiunto la piena crescita.
  • Hanno gengive e mascella in buona salute.
  • Non soffrono di malattie sistemiche come il diabete, il morbo di Parkinson e alcune malattie autoimmuni, in quanto aumentano il rischio di infezioni o altre complicanze legate all'impianto.
  • Non preferiscono indossare protesi.

I pazienti con perdita ossea, specificamente nella mascella, possono comunque essere idonei per un impianto dentale dopo un intervento riuscito di innesto osseo. I pazienti con malattia delle gengive generalmente continueranno a perdere tessuto gengivale e sono maggiormente a rischio di infezioni dopo l’inserimento dell’impianto dentale.

 

Quali sono le cose da considerare prima degli impianti dentali?

La storia clinica del paziente viene presa in considerazione e viene esaminata per creare un piano di trattamento adeguato. Dopo l’arrivo del paziente in Turchia, viene effettuata una dettagliata visita dentale che include esami del sangue approfonditi per determinare quale tipo di sedazione il paziente dovrà affrontare. Prima dell’intervento, ai pazienti viene anche effettuata una radiografia panoramica per ottenere misurazioni precise per gli impianti.

 

Come vengono inseriti gli impianti dentali?

Gli impianti personalizzati vengono prodotti in base ai risultati della radiografia panoramica. Viene applicata anestesia locale nella parte della mascella in cui verrà inserito l’impianto. Successivamente, il chirurgo dentista pratica un'incisione sulle gengive per esporre l'osso. Vengono quindi praticati dei fori nell'osso per inserire il perno metallico dell’impianto in profondità nell’osso. La gengiva nella zona in cui è stato posizionato l’impianto viene poi suturata.

Ci vogliono da 2 a 4 mesi affinché l’osso della mascella si saldi alla superficie del perno metallico dell’impianto. Nella maggior parte dei casi, una volta che l’osso si è rigenerato sull'impianto, viene fissata la corona. Tuttavia, in alcuni casi, la parte tra il perno dell'impianto e la corona, chiamata moncone, viene inserita dopo che la crescita ossea è completata mediante un intervento chirurgico minimamente invasivo.

 

Cosa bisogna considerare dopo l’inserimento degli impianti dentali?

Si consiglia ai pazienti di seguire attentamente le istruzioni del chirurgo, compresa l’assunzione dei farmaci prescritti. I pazienti dovrebbero consumare solo cibi liquidi o morbidi, come frullati o yogurt, per una settimana dopo l’intervento e anche evitare cibi piccanti o caldi. Dovrebbero evitare di fumare per una settimana dopo l’intervento, poiché lo spazio circostante il nuovo impianto è una ferita aperta e il fumo aumenta il rischio di infezione. Il paziente dovrebbe anche fare attenzione quando sciacqua o sputa e evitare di toccare la ferita.

 

Quali sono i rischi degli impianti dentali?

Le complicazioni degli impianti dentali sono molto rare e, anche se si verificano, sono facilmente trattabili. I rischi degli impianti dentali includono, ma non si limitano a:

  • Infezione nella zona in cui è stato inserito l'impianto.
  • Dolore o perdita di sensibilità nella zona dell'impianto.
  • Danno ai nervi.
  • Danneggiamento dei denti o dei vasi sanguigni vicini al sito dell’impianto.
  • Potrebbero verificarsi problemi ai seni nasali se un impianto posizionato nella mascella superiore si estende nei seni.

 

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