Implant mammaire

 

Qu'est-ce qu'un implant mammaire ?

 

La chirurgie d'implantation mammaire, également appelée augmentation mammaire, est une chirurgie esthétique des seins qui vise à augmenter la taille et à améliorer la forme et le contour des seins grâce à l'insertion d'une prothèse mammaire.

 

Pourquoi pose-t-on des implants mammaires ?

 

Les implants mammaires sont principalement utilisés à des fins esthétiques pour augmenter la taille des seins, mais ils peuvent également être utilisés pour reconstruire les seins. Après une blessure aux seins ou une mastectomie, le tissu mammaire est visiblement réduit. La chirurgie des implants mammaires permet de créer des seins d'apparence naturelle. Selon les préférences du chirurgien, l'implant peut être rempli de sérum physiologique ou de gel de silicone.

 

Quelles sont les conditions pour bénéficier d'une chirurgie d'implantation mammaire ?

 

La chirurgie des implants mammaires est accessible à de nombreuses personnes, la seule condition étant que la patiente soit en assez bonne santé pour subir une anesthésie générale.

Le chirurgien plasticien fera une recommandation concernant la taille de l'implant. La taille des implants est laissée à l'appréciation de la patiente, mais il est fortement recommandé de suivre les conseils du chirurgien.

 

Quels sont les éléments à prendre en compte avant la pose d'un implant mammaire ?

 

Avant l'opération, il est recommandé aux patientes de suivre les recommandations suivantes :

 

  • Le patient doit se rendre à l'hôpital un jour avant l'opération pour que les tests préopératoires soient effectués.
  • Le patient doit arrêter de fumer et de consommer de l'alcool au moins deux semaines avant l'opération afin d'atténuer le risque de formation d'un caillot sanguin.
  • Le patient doit éviter les médicaments contenant de l'aspirine ou de l'ibuprofène (Advil, Motrin IB, autres) pendant les deux semaines précédant et suivant l'opération. Ces médicaments peuvent augmenter le risque d'hémorragie interne. Les patients doivent confirmer chaque médicament et supplément qu'ils souhaitent prendre avec leur coordinateur de patients.
  • Le patient doit cesser de prendre des suppléments multivitaminiques 7 jours avant l'intervention chirurgicale, et s'ils contiennent de la vitamine K, ils ne doivent pas être utilisés pendant les 30 jours suivant l'intervention chirurgicale.
  • Le patient doit arrêter de prendre des contraceptifs oraux 30 jours avant l'intervention chirurgicale.

 

Le corps de la patiente sera également examiné et mesuré, et le chirurgien tracera des lignes sur le corps pour planifier l'emplacement des incisions.

 

Comment se déroule l'opération de pose d'implants mammaires ?

 

Une anesthésie générale est pratiquée au début de l'opération. Une incision est pratiquée à l'un des trois endroits prévus par la technique du chirurgien :

 

  • Inframammaire : le pli situé sous le sein.
  • Axillaire : Sous le bras
  • Périaréolaire : Autour du mamelon

 

Le chirurgien sépare ensuite le tissu mammaire des muscles pectoraux et du tissu conjonctif de la poitrine, créant ainsi une poche derrière ou devant le muscle pectoral.

 

L'implant est ensuite inséré dans la poche nouvellement créée et centré derrière le mamelon.

Enfin, le chirurgien referme l'incision à l'aide de sutures et la panse avec de l'adhésif cutané et du ruban chirurgical.

 

L'opération dure de 60 à 90 minutes et les implants doivent être changés 10 à 15 ans plus tard, car ils ne sont pas considérés comme permanents.

 

Quels sont les éléments à prendre en compte après la pose d'implants mammaires ?

 

Après l'opération, la patiente doit veiller aux points suivants :

 

  • Éviter les activités physiques intenses.
  • Éviter les activités pénibles ou les pressions sur la zone du sein.
  • Avoir un régime alimentaire sain, car cela accélérera le processus de guérison.
  • Prendre les médicaments qui leur sont prescrits selon les instructions de leur médecin.
  • Porter des vêtements amples et confortables.
  • Éviter de se coucher face contre terre, car cela exercera une pression sur les seins.

 

Les patientes peuvent reprendre leur vie quotidienne 2 semaines après l'opération, mais il faut compter 6 à 8 semaines pour un rétablissement complet.

 

Quels sont les risques liés à la pose d'implants mammaires ?

La pose d'implants mammaires comporte certains risques. Ceux-ci incluent, mais ne sont pas limités à ce qui suit :

 

  • Accumulation de liquide près de la peau
  • Caillots de sang
  • Infection
  • Gonflement
  • Mauvaise cicatrisation des plaies
  • Cicatrice
  • Changements dans la sensation de la peau
  • Réaction indésirable à l'anesthésie
  • Résultat esthétique sous-optimal

 

En outre, les implants n'étant pas considérés comme des dispositifs médicaux permanents, ils risquent de se gonfler ou de se rompre avec le temps. En cas de rupture, le chirurgien plasticien doit remplacer l'implant rompu par un nouvel implant.

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