Chirurgie des yeux au LASIK

Qu'est-ce que la chirurgie oculaire LASIK ?

La chirurgie oculaire assistée par laser du kératomileusis in situ (LASIK), également appelée chirurgie de correction des yeux au laser ou simplement chirurgie au laser, vise à corriger les troubles visuels grâce à un laser non invasif. Les défauts visuels tels que l'hypermétropie, la myopie et l'astigmatisme ainsi que les halos et la sensibilité à la lumière sont corrigés grâce à la méthode laser sans lame.

Pourquoi la chirurgie oculaire LASIK est-elle pratiquée ?

La chirurgie de correction des yeux au laser est effectuée pour atténuer les erreurs de réfraction telles que l'hypermétropie, la myopie, la presbytie et l'astigmatisme. Certains types de LASIK réduisent les halos, les reflets et améliorent la vision nocturne.

Quelles sont les conditions pour la chirurgie oculaire LASIK ?

La chirurgie LASIK est généralement recommandée aux patients qui :

  • Sont âgés de 25 à 40 ans, les erreurs de réfraction devraient se stabiliser à cet âge.
  • Ont une épaisseur cornéenne suffisante car la cornée doit pouvoir conserver sa forme après le LASIK.
  • Ont une cornée courbée de manière optimale, si la cornée est trop courbée ou trop plate, le LASIK pourrait ne pas être un traitement viable.
  • N'ont pas de pression oculaire excessive ou d'aiguisement cornéen.
  • N'ont aucune autre maladie qui affecte l'œil comme le diabète ou les rhumatismes.
  • Peuvent subir une anesthésie locale en toute sécurité.

Quels sont les types de chirurgie oculaire LASIK ?

Il existe 3 types de chirurgie LASIK couramment pratiqués qui sont recommandés en fonction des défauts visuels et de l'épaisseur de la cornée, ce sont PKR, iLASIK et Wavefront.

PKR :

PKR, photokératectomie réfractive, est une intervention chirurgicale qui utilise un laser précis pour enlever le tissu cornéen afin de corriger les erreurs de réfraction. La PKR est souvent préférée aux autres traitements lorsque l'épaisseur de la cornée ne convient pas aux autres traitements LASIK. Après PKR, les patients sont équipés d'une lentille de contact protectrice qui doit être portée pendant au moins 5 jours.

iLASIK :

iLASIK est le traitement LASIK le plus couramment préféré et a les meilleures chances de produire une vision 20/20. iLASIK est approuvé par la FDA et a un taux de réussite si élevé que la NASA autorise les astronautes à subir iLASIK, tandis que d'autres traitements LASIK empêchent les gens d'être astronautes. iLASIK est personnalisé pour chaque patient en étant guidé à travers une cartographie de la topographie de l'œil, similaire à Wavefront.

Wavefront (Front d'onde):

Un logiciel est utilisé pour créer une cartographie détaillée de la cornée et la chirurgie est guidée à travers la cartographie. Le front d'onde est généralement utilisé pour corriger les principales irrégularités non réfractives, telles que l'hypersensibilité à la lumière, les éblouissements, les halos ou la diminution de la sensibilité au contraste. Le front d'onde est souvent préféré lorsque le patient souffre d'astigmatisme sévère.

Quels sont les éléments à prendre en compte avant la chirurgie oculaire LASIK ?

Les patients doivent arriver en Turquie un jour avant la date prévue de leur opération afin de subir des tests préopératoires approfondis et d'avoir une consultation avec l'ophtalmologiste traitant. L'ophtalmologiste traitant détermine quelle procédure va être effectuée et explique les détails de la procédure au patient.

Quels sont les éléments à prendre en compte après une chirurgie oculaire LASIK ?

Bien que le LASIK soit une procédure ambulatoire, le patient se voit offrir une nuit d'hospitalisation après la chirurgie LASIK. Il est courant que le patient ait une vision floue et des douleurs oculaires pendant quelques premières heures après la chirurgie. Il est conseillé au patient :

  • d'utiliser les médicaments post-opératoires fournis conformément aux instructions de son ophtalmologiste.
  • de prendre des analgésiques si nécessaire tant qu'ils ne fluidifient pas le sang.
  • de ne pas conduire ou aller travailler pendant les quelques jours suivant la chirurgie.
  • de ne pas conduire ni aller travailler pendant les 3 à 4 jours suivants.
  • d'éviter d'être dans un environnement poussiéreux car l'œil traité ne doit pas être frotté, égratigné, touché, lavé ou baigné pendant les 24 premières heures après la chirurgie.
  • d'éviter également de se mettre du savon ou du shampoing dans les yeux.
  • d'utiliser une larme artificielle prescrite par le médecin pendant environ 3 à 6 mois après l'opération.

Quels sont les risques de la chirurgie oculaire LASIK ?

Les risques de la chirurgie oculaire LASIK comprennent, mais sans s'y limiter, :

  • le larmoiement et l'inconfort.
  • les yeux secs ou les brûlures, les irritations, les démangeaisons et les sensations de corps étranger dans les yeux.
  • la vision double.
  • la douleur ou les picotements dans les yeux pendant les 2 à 3 premiers jours après la chirurgie.
  • la vision floue.

Les patients qui subissent une chirurgie oculaire au LASIK commenceront à voir clairement dans les 2 à 3 jours et pourront reprendre leur vie quotidienne.

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