Remplacement de la Lentille

Qu'est-ce que la chirurgie de remplacement de lentille ?

Le remplacement de lentille, également appelé implant de lentille, est une chirurgie oculaire qui vise à corriger les troubles visuels tels que l'hypermétropie, la myopie et l'astigmatisme. Le remplacement de la lentille est utilisé lorsque les troubles visuels sont trop graves pour être traités par la chirurgie oculaire LASIK ou lorsque le patient n'a pas une bonne santé de la surface oculaire en raison de son âge. Le remplacement du cristallin consiste à remplacer le cristallin naturel du patient par un cristallin artificiel. Le remplacement du cristallin et la chirurgie de la cataracte sont des synonymes. Par conséquent, la chirurgie de remplacement du cristallin traite et prévient à la fois la formation de la cataracte.

Pourquoi la chirurgie de remplacement de lentille est-elle effectuée ?

Comme pour la chirurgie oculaire LASIK, les erreurs de réfraction telles que l'hypermétropie, la myopie, la presbytie et l'astigmatisme rencontrées en raison du vieillissement ou de l'inclination génétique peuvent être traitées par le remplacement de la lentille. Le remplacement de la lentille est le traitement privilégié des erreurs de réfraction lorsque le patient n'est pas éligible à la chirurgie oculaire LASIK, souvent en raison de son âge. Les cataractes sont souvent traitées par le remplacement du cristallin et la formation de futures cataractes est également évitée.

Quelles sont les conditions pour la chirurgie de remplacement de lentille ?

La chirurgie de remplacement du cristallin est accessible à de nombreux patients et ne s'applique qu'aux patients souffrant d'erreurs de réfraction. Le remplacement de la lentille n'est recommandé qu'aux patients qui :

  • sont âgés de plus de 40 ans.
  • sont âgés de moins de 40 ans mais âgés de plus de 21 ans et qui ne sont pas éligibles à la chirurgie oculaire LASI.
  • ne sont pas enceintes.
  • n'ont pas de déchirure sur la capsule dans laquelle se trouve la lentille oculaire.

Quels sont les types de chirurgie de remplacement de lentille ?

Patients de plus de 40 ans

Pour les patients de plus de 40 ans, trois types de lentilles sont disponibles : trifocales, bifocales et monofocales. La lentille trifocale améliore la vision pour mieux voir les objets de loin, de près et de moyenne distance. La lentille bifocale, en revanche, n'améliore que la vue de loin et de près. Contrairement aux deux premiers, la lentille monofocale ne peut améliorer que la vue de loin, de près ou intermédiaire, mais peut améliorer n'importe lequel d'entre eux. Le cristallin naturel du patient est complètement retiré et la lentille intelligente est insérée.

Patients de moins de 40 ans

Si les erreurs de réfraction telles que l'hypermétropie, la myopie et l'astigmatisme sont trop importantes pour être corrigées par le traitement LASIK ou si l'épaisseur de la cornée n'est pas suffisante pour le traitement LASIK, le remplacement de la lentille est appliqué pour traiter les erreurs de réfraction par l'insertion de la lentille intraoculaire phaque devant ou derrière l'iris.

Quels sont les éléments à prendre en compte avant le remplacement d'une lentille ?

Après l'arrivée du patient à l'hôpital, des tests préopératoires approfondis sont effectués et le patient reçoit une consultation avec son ophtalmologiste traitant. La méthode de traitement spécifique au patient est déterminée, des informations sur le processus et les risques éventuels sont fournies au patient. Une fois que le patient a reçu les informations nécessaires sur la chirurgie, son consentement éclairé est recueilli.

Comment le remplacement de la lentille est-il effectué ?

Une anesthésie générale ou une sédation locale est administrée avant la procédure pour soulager toute douleur potentielle. Trois petites incisions sont pratiquées sur la cornée, la plus grande ayant une largeur de 3,2 mm .

Patients de plus de 40 ans

Le cristallin naturel de l'œil est retiré par les incisions et la lentille intraoculaire est insérée dans l'œil par une incision en forme de tunnel.

Patients de moins de 40 ans

La lentille intraoculaire phaque est placée devant ou derrière l'iris, et la lentille naturelle de l'œil n'est pas interférée pendant la procédure.

 

L'opération dure en moyenne 15 minutes par œil. Le patient ne peut pas voir à travers l'œil opéré pendant environ 24 heures. Chaque lentille est donc remplacée à des jours différents pour permettre au patient de voir à tout moment.

Quels sont les éléments à prendre en compte après une chirurgie de remplacement de lentille ?

Le patient subit un suivi le lendemain de la chirurgie où les contrôles nécessaires sont effectués pour s'assurer que l'œil guérit correctement. Il est recommandé au patient d'appliquer les gouttes ophtalmiques antibiotiques fournies selon les instructions de son ophtalmologiste. De plus, pendant la première semaine après la chirurgie, il est recommandé au patient :

  • de ne pas exercer de pression physique sur ses yeux et de ne pas les frotter.
  • de se laver les cheveux avec la tête inclinée, comme cela se fait chez un coiffeur, afin de ne pas mettre d'eau ou de savon dans les yeux.
  • de faire attention lors de l'application de lotion ou de maquillage et de ne pas les appliquer sur la zone près des yeux.
  • de porter des lunettes de soleil à l'extérieur.
  • d'éviter les exercices intenses tels que la natation, le levage ou le vélo.

Le patient peut reprendre sa routine quotidienne à partir de la 2e semaine, mais il est conseillé de ne pas se frotter les yeux vigoureusement pendant au moins une autre semaine.

Quels sont les risques du remplacement de la lentille ?

Les risques liés au remplacement de la lentille comprennent, mais sans s'y limiter, :

  • les saignements intraoculaires
  • les saignements sur les paupières
  • le saignement de l'iris
  • la formation d'œdème sur la cornée.
  • le déplacement de la lentille placée dans l'œil
  • la pression intraoculaire élevée, le glaucome
  • l'infection oculaire
  • la déchirure rétinienne ou le décollement de la rétine
  • la macula, la tache jaune, l'œdème

Bien que la plupart de ces affections disparaissent d'elles-mêmes, certaines peuvent nécessiter des soins médicaux immédiats. Il est conseillé au patient de contacter son coordinateur des patients si l'un de ces effets indésirables survient.

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