Rhinoplastie

Qu'est-ce que la rhinoplastie ?

La rhinoplastie, également connue sous le nom d'esthétique du nez, est une opération chirurgicale visant à modifier la forme du nez. Il existe deux principaux types de rhinoplastie :

 

  • Rhinoplastie ouverte :

La rhinoplastie ouverte vise à remodeler le nez de manière significative. Le chirurgien plasticien pratique des incisions le long du nez pour séparer complètement la peau de l'os et du cartilage, ce qui lui permet de voir l'anatomie sous-jacente du nez.

  • Rhinoplastie fermée :

La rhinoplastie fermée est similaire à la rhinoplastie ouverte, mais les points de suture sont laissés cachés à l'intérieur du nez à la place.

 

Pourquoi la rhinoplastie est-elle pratiquée ?

 

La rhinoplastie est pratiquée pour améliorer la fonction respiratoire, corriger des défauts physiques ou améliorer l'aspect esthétique du nez. La rhinoplastie peut modifier considérablement la taille et l'apparence du nez. Les raisons médicales d'une rhinoplastie sont les suivantes :

 

  • Septum dévié
  • Fente palatine
  • Fente labiale
  • Anomalies structurelles liées à une blessure ou à un traumatisme
  • Inflammation nasale due à des allergies chroniques
  • Polypes ou masses nasales

 

Quelles sont les conditions pour une rhinoplastie ?

 

La rhinoplastie est l'une des chirurgies plastiques les plus accessibles. Elle ne nécessite qu'une seule condition :

 

  • Le patient doit pouvoir bénéficier d'une anesthésie générale.

 

Quels sont les éléments à prendre en compte avant une rhinoplastie ?

 

Les patients se voient recommander les éléments suivants :

 

  • Les patients doivent se rendre à l'hôpital un jour avant leur opération pour que les tests préopératoires soient effectués.
  • Les patients doivent arrêter de fumer et de consommer de l'alcool au moins 2 semaines avant l'intervention chirurgicale afin d'atténuer le risque de caillot sanguin.
  • Les patients doivent éviter les médicaments contenant de l'aspirine ou de l'ibuprofène (Advil, Motrin IB, autres) pendant les deux semaines précédant et suivant l'opération. Ces médicaments peuvent augmenter le risque d'hémorragie interne. Les patients doivent confirmer chaque médicament et supplément qu'ils souhaitent prendre avec leur coordinateur de patients.
  • Les patients doivent savoir que les gonflements et les ecchymoses peuvent être excessifs après une rhinoplastie, et que la cicatrisation du nez peut prendre quelques semaines.
  •  

Comment se déroule la rhinoplastie ?

 

La rhinoplastie est flexible car elle permet de modifier l'os, le tissu cartilagineux et la couche cutanée. Le chirurgien plasticien tient compte des caractéristiques faciales du patient, de la peau autour du nez et de ses souhaits avant de formuler une recommandation.

 

Les patients sont d'abord placés sous anesthésie afin d'assurer leur sécurité et leur confort pendant l'intervention. Le chirurgien plasticien commence par pratiquer des incisions près du nez, incisions qui sont cachées à l'intérieur du nez dans le cas d'une rhinoplastie fermée ou qui sont pratiquées à travers la columelle, l'étroite bande de tissu qui sépare les narines, dans le cas d'une rhinoplastie ouverte.

 

Par ces incisions, la peau qui recouvre les os et les cartilages nasaux est délicatement soulevée, ce qui permet d'accéder à la structure du nez. Le chirurgien peut alors retirer du cartilage, utiliser des sutures pour remodeler le cartilage, dessiner les contours de l'os ou placer des greffes de cartilage. Dans le cas d'une rhinoplastie fonctionnelle, les obstructions des voies respiratoires ou les problèmes de respiration sont modifiés.

 

Enfin, une fois les corrections nécessaires effectuées, des sutures sont placées pour refermer les incisions et le nez est bandé de manière appropriée.

 

Quels sont les éléments à prendre en compte après une rhinoplastie ?

 

Une attelle peut être placée à l'intérieur du nez du patient et des bandages peuvent être placés autour du nez pour soutenir la nouvelle structure du nez et faciliter le processus de rétablissement. L'enflure disparaîtra en quelques semaines, mais il faudra jusqu'à un an pour que le nouveau contour du nez s'affine complètement.

 

L'apparence du nez changera progressivement au fur et à mesure que le processus de guérison se poursuivra. Pendant le processus de guérison, les patients sont invités à suivre les conseils suivants :

 

  • Évitez les activités et les exercices intenses tels que l'aérobic et le jogging.
  • Essayer de maintenir la zone opérée à l'abri de l'eau.
  • Évitez les expressions faciales qui sollicitent le nez, comme le sourire ou le rire.
  • Brossez-vous les dents en douceur pour limiter les mouvements de la lèvre supérieure.
  • Essayez d'éviter tout contact avec le nez et faites attention lorsque vous mettez ou enlevez vos vêtements.

 

Quels sont les risques de la rhinoplastie ?

 

Même si la rhinoplastie est une intervention chirurgicale relativement sûre, avec un processus de guérison confortable, elle comporte certains risques, comme toute autre intervention chirurgicale majeure, tels que :

 

  • Saignement
  • Infection
  • Asymétrie
  • Une réaction indésirable à l'anesthésie
  • Une difficulté à respirer par le nez
  • Un engourdissement à l'intérieur et autour du nez.
  • Une douleur, une décoloration ou un gonflement pouvant persister.
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