Blefaroplastia

 

¿Qué es la Blefaroplastia?

 

La Blefaroplastia, también llamada Cirugía de Elevación de Párpados, es una cirugía Estética Facial que tiene como objetivo mejorar el aspecto de los párpados eliminando el exceso de piel y grasa de los mismos. La blefaroplastia consiste en que el cirujano corte en los pliegues de los párpados para recortar la piel flácida y eliminar el exceso de grasa.

 

¿Por qué se realiza una blefaroplastia?

 

Además del envejecimiento, una piel muy flácida alrededor de los ojos puede reducir la visión periférica, especialmente las partes superior y externa del campo visual. La blefaroplastia puede reducir o eliminar cualquier problema de visión causado por el exceso de piel. Además, la blefaroplastia proporciona a los párpados un aspecto estéticamente agradable que puede hacer que el paciente parezca más joven y despierto.

 

¿Cuáles son las condiciones para someterse a una blefaroplastia?

 

La Blefaroplastia se recomienda a los siguientes pacientes:

 

  • Exceso de piel que oculta el pliegue natural de los párpados superiores.
  • Piel suelta del párpado superior que dificulta la visión.
  • Párpados superiores hinchados que hacen que los ojos parezcan cansados y tristes.
  • Bolsas y ojeras.

 

El paciente también debe ser capaz de someterse con seguridad a anestesia general, y no debe tener condiciones médicas que puedan perjudicar la cicatrización o aumentar el riesgo de la cirugía.

 

¿Cuáles son los tipos de Blefaroplastia?

 

Existen dos tipos de Blefaroplastia, se pueden realizar por separado o al mismo tiempo.

 

 

  • La blefaroplastia superior consiste en eliminar el exceso de grasa, músculo y piel del párpado superior, lo que alivia el aspecto caído, pesado y encapuchado de los ojos.
  • La blefaroplastia inferior consiste en eliminar el exceso de grasa, músculo y piel del párpado inferior, lo que alivia las arrugas, las ojeras, la hinchazón y las bolsas bajo los ojos. También reposiciona y tensa el párpado para crear una transición bien contorneada desde el párpado inferior hasta la parte media de la cara.

¿Qué hay que tener en cuenta antes de una blefaroplastia?

 

Antes de la Blefaroplastia:

 

  • Los pacientes deben evitar los medicamentos que contengan aspirina o ibuprofeno (Advil, Motrin IB, otros) durante dos semanas antes de la intervención. Estos medicamentos pueden aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia interna. Los pacientes deben confirmar cada medicamento y suplemento que deseen tomar con su Coordinador de Pacientes.
  • Los pacientes deben dejar de tomar multivitamínicos 7 días antes de la cirugía, y si contiene vitamina K no debe utilizarse durante los 30 días siguientes a la cirugía.
  • Los pacientes deben dejar de tomar anticonceptivos orales 30 días antes de la cirugía.
  • Abstenerse de fumar dos semanas antes de la intervención. La nicotina y el humo del tabaco retrasan la cicatrización y pueden provocar cicatrices.
  • Los pacientes deben evitar las quemaduras solares durante dos semanas antes de la cirugía. Usar SPF 50 todos los días si es posible.
  • Los pacientes no deben comer ni beber nada, incluida el agua, después de medianoche la noche anterior a su cirugía.

 

¿Cómo se realiza una blefaroplastia?

 

La blefaroplastia puede realizarse en los párpados superiores, en los inferiores o en ambos. Basándose en una evaluación preoperatoria de muchos factores, como la estructura muscular facial subyacente del paciente, la estructura ósea y la simetría de las cejas, el Cirujano Plástico decidirá cuánta piel, músculo y grasa eliminar. El Cirujano Plástico eliminará la hinchazón y las bolsas de los párpados inferiores y la piel encapuchada de los párpados superiores, haciendo que el paciente parezca más joven y saludable.

 

  • Blefaroplastia superior: Durante la cirugía, se realiza una incisión en el pliegue del párpado superior. También conocida como lifting de párpados superiores, la blefaroplastia superior ayuda a los pacientes a tener un aspecto más descansado, más despierto y más joven.
  • Blefaroplastia inferior: Una blefaroplastia inferior requiere una pequeña incisión a lo largo de los párpados inferiores, ya sea fuera de la línea de las pestañas o dentro de cada párpado, para acceder a la zona debajo de cada ojo. A continuación, el exceso de tejido y los depósitos de grasa se eliminan o se reposicionan para rejuvenecer y refrescar el aspecto de los ojos.

 

Las cicatrices de la blefaroplastia quedarán ocultas en los pliegues naturales de los párpados, haciéndolas casi invisibles.

 

¿Qué hay que tener en cuenta después de una blefaroplastia?

 

Después de la cirugía, a los pacientes se les recomienda lo siguiente:

 

  • Evitar hacer esfuerzos, levantar objetos pesados, nadar y realizar actividades extenuantes, como aeróbic y footing, durante diez a catorce días. En concreto, el paciente debe evitar actividades en las que deba mover la cabeza bruscamente o que aumenten la presión sanguínea en la cabeza. Esta restricción incluye, entre otras cosas, agacharse, lo que hace que la cabeza esté más baja que el corazón, y levantar objetos lo bastante pesados como para provocar un esfuerzo. Esta restricción puede aplicarse durante tres o cuatro semanas.
  • Dormir siestas frecuentes y evitar actividades que puedan resecar los ojos, como leer, ver la televisión, llevar lentillas y utilizar el ordenador.

 

El paciente puede experimentar lagrimeo excesivo, sensibilidad a la luz y visión doble justo después de la intervención. Las incisiones estarán rojas y visibles al principio, y los párpados pueden estar hinchados y entumecidos durante varios días. La hinchazón y los hematomas, similares a los de unos "ojos morados", durarán probablemente una semana o más.

 

El Cirujano Plástico retirará los puntos entre dos y siete días después de la cirugía de párpados. El paciente puede sentirse lo suficientemente bien como para reanudar sus actividades normales alrededor del décimo día de recuperación.

 

¿Cuáles son los riesgos de la blefaroplastia?

 

La cirugía de párpados puede ocasionalmente resultar en lo siguiente:

 

  • Visión borrosa o doble temporal.
  • Ojos asimétricos
  • Hematoma
  • Cicatrización notable
  • Sangrado excesivo
  • Desarrollo de un coágulo de sangre en una vena
  • Infección
  • Una reacción alérgica a la anestesia

En raras ocasiones, la blefaroplastia puede provocar problemas graves.

 

  • Lesiones en los músculos del ojo.
  • Caída del párpado inferior alejándolo del ojo y girándolo hacia fuera
  • Retracción del párpado
  • Deterioro visual

 

La discapacidad visual es extremadamente rara y la visión suele mejorar a largo plazo.

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