Cirugía ocular LASIK

Qué es la cirugía ocular LASIK?

 La cirugía ocular con queratomileusis in situ asistida por láser (LASIK), también conocida como cirugía de corrección ocular con láser o simplemente cirugía láser, tiene como objetivo corregir los trastornos visuales mediante un láser no invasivo. Los defectos visuales como la hipermetropía, la miopía y el astigmatismo, así como los halos y la sensibilidad a la luz, se corrigen mediante el método láser sin bisturí.

 

Por qué se realiza la cirugía ocular LASIK?

 La cirugía de corrección ocular con láser se realiza para aliviar defectos refractivos como la hipermetropía, la miopía, la presbicia y el astigmatismo. Ciertos tipos de LASIK reducen los halos, los deslumbramientos y mejoran la visión nocturna.

 

Cuáles son las condiciones para la cirugía ocular LASIK?

 La cirugía LASIK suele recomendarse a los siguientes pacientes:

  • Los pacientes que tienen entre 25 y 40 años, los errores refractivos deben estabilizarse a esta edad.
  • Los pacientes que tienen un espesor corneal suficiente, ya que la córnea debe ser capaz de mantener su forma después del LASIK.
  • Los pacientes que tienen una córnea curvada de forma óptima, si la córnea es demasiado curvada o demasiado plana LASIK podría no ser un tratamiento viable.
  • Los pacientes que no tienen exceso de presión ocular ni afilamiento corneal.
  • Los pacientes que no tengan ninguna otra enfermedad que afecte al ojo, como diabetes o reumatismo.
  • Los pacientes que pueden someterse sin peligro a anestesia local.

 

Cuáles son los tipos de cirugía ocular LASIK?

Existen 3 tipos de cirugía LASIK que se realizan habitualmente y que se recomiendan según los defectos visuales y el grosor de la córnea, estos son PRK, iLASIK y Wavefront.

 

PRK:

PRK, queratectomía fotorrefractiva, es un procedimiento quirúrgico que utiliza un láser preciso para eliminar el tejido corneal con el fin de corregir los defectos refractivos. La PRK suele preferirse a otros tratamientos cuando el grosor de la córnea no es adecuado para otros tratamientos LASIK. Tras la PRK, se coloca a los pacientes una lente de contacto protectora que deben llevar durante al menos 5 días.

 

iLASIK:

El iLASIK es el tratamiento LASIK preferido con más frecuencia y el que tiene más probabilidades de producir una visión 20/20. El iLASIK está aprobado por la FDA y tiene una tasa de éxito tan alta que la NASA aprueba que los astronautas se sometan al iLASIK, mientras que otros tratamientos LASIK descalifican a las personas para ser astronauta. El iLASIK se personaliza para cada paciente guiándose por un mapeo de la topografía del ojo, similar al Wavefront.

 

Wavefront:

Se utiliza un programa informático para crear una cartografía detallada de la córnea y la cirugía se guía a través de la cartografía. Wavefront suele utilizarse para corregir irregularidades no refractivas importantes, como hipersensibilidad a la luz, deslumbramientos, halos o disminución de la sensibilidad al contraste. A menudo se prefiere el frente de onda cuando el paciente padece un astigmatismo grave.

 

Qué hay que tener en cuenta antes de la cirugía ocular LASIK?

Los pacientes deben llegar a Turquía un día antes de la fecha programada para la intervención, a fin de someterse a pruebas preoperatorias exhaustivas y tener una consulta con el oftalmólogo responsable. El oftalmólogo determinará qué intervención se va a realizar y explicará al paciente los detalles de la misma.

 

Qué hay que tener en cuenta después de la cirugía ocular LASIK?

Aunque el LASIK es un procedimiento ambulatorio, se ofrece al paciente una noche de hospitalización tras la cirugía LASIK. Es habitual que el paciente experimente visión borrosa y dolor ocular durante las primeras horas tras la intervención. Se aconseja al paciente lo siguiente:

  • Tomar la medicación postoperatoria que le indique su oftalmólogo.
  • Tomar analgésicos si es necesario siempre que no sean anticoagulantes.
  • Ni conducir ni ir a trabajar durante los siguientes días tras la cirugía.
  • Se recomienda al paciente no conducir ni ir a trabajar durante los 3 ó 4 días siguientes.
  • Evitar estar en ambientes polvorientos, ya que el ojo tratado no debe frotarse, rascarse, tocarse, lavarse ni bañarse durante las primeras 24 horas tras la cirugía.
  • Evitar igualmente que entre jabón o champú en los ojos.
  • Utilizar un colirio de lágrimas artificiales prescrito por el médico durante aproximadamente 3 a 6 meses después de la operación.

 

Cuáles son los riesgos de la cirugía ocular LASIK?

Los riesgos de la cirugía ocular LASIK incluyen, entre otros, los siguientes:

  • Experimentar ojos llorosos y molestias.
  • Ojos secos o ardor, irritación, picor y sensación de cuerpo extraño en el ojo.
  • Visión doble.
  • Dolor o escozor en los ojos durante los 2 ó 3 primeros días tras la intervención.
  • Visión borrosa.

 

Los pacientes sometidos a cirugía ocular LASIK empezarán a ver con claridad en 2 ó 3 días y podrán reincorporarse a su vida cotidiana.

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