Corrección de orejas

¿Qué es la cirugía de corrección de orejas?

 

La cirugía de corrección de orejas, formalmente conocida como otoplastia, tiene como objetivo mejorar el aspecto de las orejas prominentes y de posición anormal, recolocando y acercando las orejas a la cabeza o cambiando el tamaño y la forma de las orejas.

 

¿Por qué se realiza la corrección de orejas?

 

La cirugía de corrección de orejas se realiza para resolver el problema de que las orejas del paciente no concuerden con su cabeza o sean demasiado grandes para ella. Los pacientes pueden considerar la cirugía de corrección de orejas si las orejas están deformadas debido a un accidente o a un defecto de nacimiento.

 

¿Cuáles son las condiciones para la corrección de orejas?

 

La cirugía de corrección de orejas se realiza principalmente en niños o adolescentes, aunque también puede realizarse y se realiza en adultos. A los niños con orejas separadas y prominentes se les recomienda la cirugía de corrección de orejas a partir de los 6-8 años. La cirugía de corrección de orejas no es adecuada para niños menores de 6 años, ya que el cartílago de la oreja es demasiado blando para sujetar los puntos. El paciente debe ser capaz de someterse a la anestesia para someterse a una corrección de orejas.

 

¿Qué hay que tener en cuenta antes de una corrección de orejas?

 

A los pacientes se les recomienda lo siguiente:

 

 

  • El paciente debe estar en el hospital un día antes de su intervención para que se le realicen las pruebas preoperatorias.
  • El paciente debe dejar de fumar y consumir alcohol al menos 2 semanas antes de la cirugía para aliviar el riesgo de un coágulo de sangre.
  • El paciente debe evitar medicamentos que contengan aspirina o ibuprofeno (Advil, Motrin IB, otros) durante dos semanas antes de la cirugía. Estos medicamentos pueden aumentar el riesgo de hemorragia interna. Los pacientes deben confirmar cada medicamento y suplemento que deseen tomar con su Coordinador de Pacientes.
  • El paciente debe dejar de tomar multivitamínicos 7 días antes de la cirugía, y si contiene vitamina K no debe usarse durante los 30 días siguientes a la cirugía.
  • El paciente debe dejar de tomar anticonceptivos orales 30 días antes de la cirugía.

 

¿Cómo se realiza la corrección de orejas?

 

Las orejas se recolocarán correctamente más cerca de la cabeza y también se puede reducir su tamaño para conseguir un aspecto más uniforme. La técnica de otoplastia utilizada dependerá de lo que el paciente quiera cambiar de sus orejas. Normalmente se realiza una pequeña incisión en la parte posterior de la oreja para acceder al cartílago auricular, posteriormente se ajusta el cartílago dependiendo de lo que el paciente desee. Las cicatrices de la Otoplastia quedan ocultas detrás de la oreja. La intervención puede realizarse con anestesia local o anestesia general.

 

¿Qué hay que tener en cuenta después de la corrección de orejas?

 

Ambas orejas se mantienen vendadas hasta dos días después de la cirugía. A continuación se sustituyen los vendajes por una banda elástica que debe mantenerse puesta mientras se duerme durante un mes. La mayoría de los adultos pueden volver al trabajo 5 días después de la intervención.

 

Los resultados de la cirugía son permanentes y pueden observarse inmediatamente después de la intervención.

 

Los pacientes deben tener cuidado con lo siguiente:

 

  • Llevar una dieta sana, ya que acelerará el proceso de curación.
  • Tomar la medicación prescrita por el médico.
  • Mantener la cabeza lo más recta posible para garantizar un flujo sanguíneo normal durante las primeras semanas tras la intervención.
  • Evitar el uso de secadores de pelo u otras herramientas de peinado con calor durante un mes después de la cirugía.
  • No realizar ejercicios físicamente extenuantes durante 6 semanas hasta después de la cirugía.

 

¿Cuáles son los riesgos de la corrección de orejas?

La cirugía de corrección de orejas es un procedimiento común y se considera relativamente seguro. Sin embargo, existen algunos riesgos asociados a ella, como a cualquier otra intervención quirúrgica.

 

  • Tras la cirugía de corrección de orejas, el reposicionamiento de las orejas puede reducir temporalmente la sensibilidad de la piel alrededor de las orejas.
  • Las cicatrices podrían permanecer, pero quedan bien ocultas detrás de las orejas.
  • Los pacientes podrían tener una asimetría como resultado de los cambios durante el proceso de cicatrización y podrían necesitar una revisión.
  • La cirugía de corrección de orejas puede crear contornos poco naturales que pueden hacer que las orejas parezcan estar excesivamente hacia atrás.
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