Blefaroplastia

O que é a cirurgia de Blefaroplastia?

 

A Blefaroplastia, também designada por Cirurgia de Elevação das Pálpebras, é uma cirurgia de Estética Facial que tem como objetivo melhorar o aspeto das pálpebras através da remoção do excesso de pele e gordura das pálpebras. A blefaroplastia envolve o corte do cirurgião nas pregas das pálpebras para aparar a pele flácida e remover o excesso de gordura.

 

Porque é que a blefaroplastia é realizada?

 

Para além do envelhecimento, a pele muito flácida à volta dos olhos pode reduzir a visão periférica, especialmente nas partes superior e exterior do campo visual. A blefaroplastia pode reduzir ou eliminar quaisquer problemas de visão causados pelo excesso de pele. Além disso, a blefaroplastia dá às pálpebras uma aparência esteticamente agradável que pode fazer com que o paciente pareça mais jovem e mais alerta.

 

Quais são as condições para a cirurgia de Blefaroplastia?

 

A blefaroplastia é recomendada para os seguintes pacientes:

 

  • Excesso de pele que obscurece a dobra natural das pálpebras superiores.
  • Pele solta da pálpebra superior que prejudica a visão.
  • Pálpebras superiores inchadas que fazem com que os olhos pareçam cansados e tristes.
  • Bolsas e círculos escuros sob os olhos.

 

O paciente também precisa de ser capaz de se submeter com segurança à anestesia geral, e não deve ter condições médicas que possam prejudicar a cicatrização ou aumentar o risco da cirurgia.

 

Quais são os tipos de cirurgia de Blefaroplastia?

 

Existem dois tipos de Blefaroplastia, que podem ser realizados separadamente ou ao mesmo tempo.

 

  • A blefaroplastia superior envolve a remoção do excesso de gordura, músculo e pele da pálpebra superior, o que alivia a aparência caída, pesada e encapuzada dos olhos.
  • A blefaroplastia inferior consiste na remoção do excesso de gordura, músculo e pele da pálpebra inferior, o que alivia as rugas, olheiras, inchaço e bolsas sob os olhos. Também reposiciona e aperta a pálpebra para criar uma transição bem contornada da pálpebra inferior para o meio do rosto.

 

Quais são os factores a ter em conta antes da blefaroplastia?

 

Antes da Blefaroplastia:

 

 

  • Os doentes devem evitar medicamentos que contenham aspirina ou ibuprofeno (Advil, Motrin IB, outros) durante duas semanas antes da cirurgia. Estes medicamentos podem aumentar o risco de hemorragia interna. Os pacientes devem confirmar cada medicação e suplemento que desejam tomar com o seu coordenador de pacientes.
  • Os pacientes devem parar de tomar multivitaminas 7 dias antes da cirurgia e, se contiverem vitamina K, não devem ser utilizados durante 30 dias após a cirurgia.
  • Os pacientes devem parar de tomar contraceptivos orais 30 dias antes da cirurgia.
  • Não fumar duas semanas antes da cirurgia. A nicotina e o fumo do tabaco atrasam a cicatrização e podem resultar em cicatrizes.
  • Os pacientes devem evitar queimaduras solares durante duas semanas antes da cirurgia. Usar SPF 50 todos os dias, se possível.
  • Os pacientes não devem comer ou beber nada, incluindo água, depois da meia-noite na noite anterior à cirurgia.

 

Como é efectuada a Blefaroplastia?

 

A blefaroplastia pode ser efectuada nas pálpebras superiores, nas pálpebras inferiores ou em ambas. Com base numa avaliação pré-operatória de muitos factores, tais como a estrutura muscular facial subjacente do paciente, a estrutura óssea e a simetria das sobrancelhas, o Cirurgião Plástico decidirá a quantidade de pele, músculo e gordura a remover. O Cirurgião Plástico removerá o inchaço e as bolsas sob as pálpebras inferiores e a pele encapuzada nas pálpebras superiores, fazendo com que o paciente pareça mais jovem e saudável.

 

  • Blefaroplastia superior: Durante a cirurgia, é efectuada uma incisão na prega da pálpebra superior. Também conhecida como lifting da pálpebra superior, a blefaroplastia superior ajuda os pacientes a parecerem mais descansados, mais alerta e mais jovens.
  • Blefaroplastia inferior: Uma blefaroplastia inferior requer uma pequena incisão ao longo das pálpebras inferiores, fora da linha das pestanas ou dentro de cada pálpebra, para obter acesso à área abaixo de cada olho. Em seguida, o excesso de tecido e os depósitos de gordura são removidos ou reposicionados para rejuvenescer e refrescar a aparência dos olhos.

 

Quaisquer cicatrizes da blefaroplastia ficarão escondidas nas dobras naturais das pálpebras, tornando-as quase invisíveis.

 

Quais são os aspectos a ter em conta após a cirurgia de blefaroplastia?

 

Após a cirurgia, recomenda-se aos pacientes o seguinte:

 

  • Evitar esforços, levantar pesos, nadar e actividades extenuantes, como aeróbica e jogging, durante dez a catorze dias. Especificamente, o doente deve evitar actividades em que tenha de mover a cabeça abruptamente ou que aumentem a pressão sanguínea na cabeça. Esta restrição inclui, mas não se limita a, inclinar-se, o que faz com que a cabeça fique mais baixa do que o coração, e levantar objectos suficientemente pesados para causar esforço. Esta restrição pode aplicar-se durante três a quatro semanas.
  • Dormir sestas frequentes e evitar actividades que possam secar os olhos, incluindo ler, ver televisão, usar lentes de contacto e utilizar um computador.

 

O doente pode ter lacrimejo excessivo, sensibilidade à luz e visão dupla logo após a cirurgia. As incisões ficarão vermelhas e visíveis no início, e as pálpebras poderão ficar inchadas e dormentes durante vários dias. O inchaço e as nódoas negras, semelhantes a "olhos negros", durarão provavelmente uma semana ou mais.

O Cirurgião Plástico removerá os pontos entre dois e sete dias após a cirurgia das pálpebras. O paciente pode sentir-se bem o suficiente para retomar as actividades normais por volta do décimo dia de recuperação.

Quais são os riscos da blefaroplastia?

A cirurgia das pálpebras pode ocasionalmente resultar em:

  • Visão borrada ou dupla temporária
  • Olhos assimétricos
  • Hematoma
  • Cicatrizes visíveis
  • Hemorragia excessiva
  • Desenvolvimento de um coágulo sanguíneo numa veia
  • Infeção
  • Uma reação alérgica ao anestésico

Raramente, a blefaroplastia pode resultar em problemas graves.

  • Lesões dos músculos oculares
  • A pálpebra inferior descaída para longe do olho e virada para fora
  • Retração da pálpebra
  • Deficiência visual

 

A deficiência visual é extremamente rara e a visão, normalmente, melhora a longo prazo.

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