Transplante de córnea

O que é o transplante de córnea?

O transplante de córnea, também conhecido como ceratoplastia, enxerto de córnea ou transplante de olho, envolve a remoção de tecido da córnea que está deformado ou que perdeu sua transparência, e substituí-lo por um tecido da córnea saudável retirado de um doador falecido. O transplante de córnea é a cirurgia de transplante mais comumente realizada e bem-sucedida, com mais de 40.000 vezes realizadas a cada ano.

Por que o transplante de córnea é realizado?

O transplante de córnea é realizado para tratar as seguintes condições:

  • Um aumento na opacidade da córnea devido a células da córnea sendo danificadas.
  • Ceratocone, que é a condição em que a córnea assume uma forma cônica, impedindo a visão.
  • Doenças hereditárias da córnea.
  • Tecido cicatricial ou neovascularização que ocorre como resultado de infecções da córnea, por exemplo, vírus do herpes simplex, HSV.
  • Formação de manchas na córnea após lesão.

Uma transferência de córnea é recomendada nesses casos ou quando uma córnea transplantada é rejeitada pelo corpo.

Quais são as condições para o transplante de córnea?

Para se beneficiar totalmente de um transplante de córnea, a estrutura do olho do paciente deve ser saudável além da córnea. Se houver algum dano à retina do paciente, não haverá nenhum benefício do transplante de córnea. Especificamente, se um paciente se beneficiará de um transplante de córnea será determinado por um oftalmologista após a realização de uma ultrassonografia oftalmológica.

 

A Turquia tem dois “bancos de olhos” principais, um em Istambul e outro em Ancara. Os bancos de olhos são responsáveis por armazenar as córneas doadas, determinar se o tecido é adequado para o transplante e entregá-lo aos centros onde o transplante de córnea será realizado. As córneas são retiradas de doadores de órgãos recentemente falecidos que têm tecidos da córnea saudáveis. Certifique-se de que as córneas estejam saudáveis e não transmitam doenças. A córnea é um tecido não vascular, portanto, a compatibilidade do tipo sanguíneo não é necessária.

Quais são os fatores a serem considerados antes do transplante de córnea?

Antes da cirurgia, o paciente é submetido a um exame oftalmológico completo para garantir que o procedimento seja seguro e eficaz. O paciente é solicitado a medir o olho antes de chegar à Turquia para encontrar uma córnea doadora correspondente de tamanho semelhante. Além disso, o paciente pode precisar parar de tomar certos medicamentos, o histórico médico do paciente é revisado pelo oftalmologista assistente. O paciente deve chegar à Turquia um dia antes da cirurgia.

Como o transplante de córnea é realizado?

Antes da cirurgia começa geral ou, geralmente, a anestesia local é administrada. A anestesia local é aplicada nos olhos e nas áreas circundantes. Em seguida, as pálpebras são limpas cuidadosamente para minimizar o risco de uma infecção. Um pequeno instrumento é anexado entre as pálpebras para mantê-las abertas durante a cirurgia. O cirurgião determina o diâmetro da córnea a ser usado para o transplante de córnea e remove cuidadosamente as partes danificadas da córnea através de uma incisão feita com um instrumento especial. Se a cirurgia de catarata for planejada para ser feita simultaneamente, a catarata é removida neste ponto e uma lente intraocular é colocada no lugar da lente natural do olho. Posteriormente, a córnea transparente do doador é colocada no leito receptor e suturada usando métodos microcirúrgicos. No final da operação, a pomada antibiótica é aplicada no olho e o olho é fechado com uma capa protetora.

 

A cirurgia leva de 30 minutos a uma hora e é feita um olho por vez.

Quais são os fatores a serem considerados após o transplante de córnea?

Após a cirurgia, recomenda-se que o paciente:

  • Use o seu medicamento de prescrição como instruído pelo seu oftalmologista.
  • Não coloque nenhuma pressão física em seus olhos e não os esfregue.
  • Lave o cabelo com a cabeça inclinada, semelhante ao que é feito em um cabeleireiro, de modo a não colocar água ou sabão nos olhos.
  • Use óculos de sol ao ar livre.
  • Evite exercícios extenuantes, como nadar, levantar ou andar de bicicleta.

O oftalmologista assistente decidirá quando os pontos serão removidos após a cirurgia. Normalmente, os pontos são removidos alguns meses após a cirurgia.

Quais são os riscos do transplante de córnea?

O transplante de córnea tem uma taxa média de rejeição de 5%, essa baixa taxa é causada pela córnea geralmente não ter vasos sanguíneos e pela falta de circulação sanguínea, tornando menos provável uma resposta do sistema imunológico. Os riscos do transplante de córnea incluem, mas não estão limitados a:

  • Infecção
  • Sangramento
  • Excesso de pressão ocular, glaucoma
  • Separação das camadas internas do olho, descolamento de retina
  • Rejeição da córnea recém-transplantada

Um transplante de córnea pode ser repetido, se necessário, sem desvantagens significativas. A irregularidade corneana pós-operatória pode retardar a recuperação da visão. No entanto, a visão irá melhorar gradualmente dentro de um ano após a cirurgia.

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Keassa Meyvis reviewed It was an amazing experience

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Tal reviewed Neck lift Dr Emre

Disclaimer: Only just had this done, so it may need to be updated once I have healed fully. Nurses; they were one of the best parts about my stay. All the nurses (especially female) were amazing. I had 1 nurse (blonde, maybe head nurse, night shift) she was so great and really looked after me and spoke good enough English. They checked on me almost every 3 hours, gave me so many IVs and made sure I was really ok. Clean: I didn’t notice anything being unclean or unkept. It was all clean to a good standard- better than the uk. Surgeon: I had two consultations with him. He spoke good enough English also. He did an amazing job. My scars aren’t even visible really and I have just had it done. My jawline is snatched and so well defined. He did set expectations around my surgery so I’m going to wait to see the full result. I only wished he would’ve been there when I woke up to explain what happened during surgery. Results : it’s been 5 days, but my jawline is so very defined and the skin is completely gone. So happy right now with it but i know it will drop Things that could’ve been better: probs just the surgeon explaining what happened to me in surgery lol and i think the medical sheets (advice post op) it’s confusing and contradicting- etc one page said take brown tape off in a week the other page said 3 weeks. One page said wear head compress for a month one said 3 months- it needs to be rewritten. Other than that, no complaints. for the price, surgery and experience I’d go with them, they really did take care of everything for me.

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