Redução do peito

O que é a cirurgia de redução de mama?

 

A Redução Mamária, também conhecida como Mamoplastia de Redução, é uma cirurgia de estética mamária que tem como objetivo criar seios apelativos e aumentar a mobilidade da paciente através da remoção do excesso de gordura, tecido mamário e pele dos seios.

 

Porque é que se realiza a Redução Mamária?

 

Os seios maiores muitas vezes descaem e criam uma aparência de envelhecimento. E embora a mamoplastia de redução possa ser efectuada por razões estéticas, também é frequentemente realizada para aliviar a dor. O peso dos seios pode alterar o centro de gravidade, causar dores no pescoço, ombros ou costas e restringir os movimentos. A cirurgia de redução mamária pode tornar os seios esteticamente mais atraentes e aliviar os problemas de saúde causados pelos seios grandes.

 

Quais são as condições para a cirurgia de redução de mama?

 

A cirurgia de redução mamária é acessível a muitas pacientes com apenas um pequeno número de requisitos. É recomendada para os seguintes pacientes:

 

  • Os pacientes que são suficientemente saudáveis para serem submetidos a anestesia geral.
  • Os pacientes com idade superior a 18 anos ou com idade superior a 15 anos com o consentimento dos pais e a recomendação do médico.
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Quais são os factores a ter em conta antes da mamoplastia de redução?

 

Antes da cirurgia:

 

  • O doente deve estar no hospital um dia antes da cirurgia para efetuar os testes pré-operatórios.
  • O doente deve deixar de fumar e de consumir álcool pelo menos 2 semanas antes da cirurgia para reduzir o risco de coágulo sanguíneo.
  • O doente deve evitar medicamentos que contenham aspirina ou ibuprofeno (Advil, Motrin IB, outros) durante duas semanas antes e depois da cirurgia. Estes medicamentos podem aumentar o risco de hemorragia interna. Os pacientes devem confirmar cada medicamento e suplemento que desejam tomar com o coordenador do paciente.
  • O paciente deve parar de tomar suplementos multivitamínicos 7 dias antes da cirurgia e, se contiverem vitamina K, não devem ser usados durante 30 dias após a cirurgia.
  • A paciente deve parar de tomar contraceptivos orais 30 dias antes da cirurgia.

 

Além disso, o corpo da paciente será examinado e medido, e o cirurgião desenhará linhas no corpo para planear onde serão feitas as incisões.

 

Como é efectuada a mamoplastia de redução?

 

A cirurgia começa com a administração de anestesia geral. São feitas incisões à volta do mamilo que se estendem para baixo através da mama. O excesso de tecido mamário, pele e gordura é removido, reduzindo o volume da mama. Adicionalmente, pode ser efectuada uma lipoaspiração nesta altura. Após a remoção do excesso de tecido e gordura, a mama e o mamilo são remodelados para um aspeto esteticamente agradável. Dependendo do tamanho inicial da mama, o Cirurgião Plástico pode remover os mamilos no início da cirurgia e voltar a colocá-los nesta altura da cirurgia. As incisões são então seladas com suturas e pode também ser colocado um dreno para evitar a acumulação de fluidos.

 

O internamento hospitalar de uma cirurgia de redução do peito é, em média, de 5 a 6 dias.

 

Quais são os factores a ter em conta após a mamoplastia de redução?

 

Após a cirurgia, o tecido mamário será suportado com ligaduras e pensos, devendo a paciente ter em atenção o seguinte

 

  • Evitar actividades físicas extenuantes.
  • Evitar actividades extenuantes ou pressão na área do peito.
  • Ter uma dieta saudável, pois tornará o processo de cura mais rápido.
  • Tomar a medicação prescrita de acordo com as instruções do médico.
  • Usar roupas largas e confortáveis.
  • Evitar deitar-se de barriga para baixo, uma vez que isso irá exercer pressão sobre os seios.

No início, os movimentos do braço causam dor, mas a dor diminui e desaparece completamente em poucas semanas. A paciente pode voltar à sua vida quotidiana dentro de 2 a 3 semanas.

Quais são os riscos da mamoplastia de redução?

Os riscos associados à mamoplastia de redução incluem, mas não se limitam aos seguintes:

 

  • Acumulação de fluidos junto à pele, seroma
  • Coágulos sanguíneos
  • Infeção
  • Inchaço
  • Cicatrização lenta da ferida
  • Cicatrização
  • Alterações na sensação da pele
  • Reação adversa à anestesia
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