Lifting do pescoço

O que é a cirurgia de lifting do pescoço?

 

O lifting do pescoço, também chamado de ritidectomia inferior ou lipectomia submental, é uma cirurgia estética facial que tem como objetivo criar um pescoço mais definido e com aspeto mais jovem, removendo o excesso de pele e gordura em torno da linha do maxilar. Muitas vezes, o contorno do pescoço é efectuado como parte de um lifting facial, mas pode não ser realizado se o paciente não for adequado para tal.

 

Os procedimentos de Lifting do pescoço também podem incluir o seguinte:

 

  • Cervicoplastia: Remoção do excesso de pele
  • Platismoplastia: Remoção ou alteração dos músculos do pescoço
  • Lipoaspiração para remover o excesso de gordura

 

Por que razão é efectuado o lifting do pescoço?

 

O lifting do pescoço é frequentemente a solução preferida se o paciente sofrer de pescoço de peru, excesso de gordura à volta do pescoço ou se houver demasiado excesso de pele. O "pescoço de peru" ocorre quando o excesso de tecido se acumula por baixo da linha do maxilar do doente e cria a aparência da secção de carne que fica pendurada por baixo do pescoço de um peru. Este aspeto acrescenta anos à idade do paciente afetado, fazendo-o parecer muito mais velho do que realmente é. Um lifting do pescoço é o procedimento cirúrgico perfeito para aliviar a barba de peru.

 

Quais são as condições para a cirurgia de lifting do pescoço?

 

O lifting do pescoço é recomendado para os seguintes pacientes:

 

  • Os pacientes que não têm condições médicas que possam prejudicar a cicatrização ou aumentar o risco da cirurgia.
  • Os pacientes que podem ser submetidos a anestesia com segurança.
  • Os pacientes que têm excesso de pele sob o queixo e à volta da área do pescoço que perdeu elasticidade.
  • Os pacientes que têm excesso de gordura sob o queixo e à volta da área do pescoço.

 

Quais são os tipos de cirurgia de lifting do pescoço?

 

Existem três tipos de cirurgias de lifting do pescoço, cada uma diferindo pelo local onde é efectuada a incisão.

 

  • A incisão é feita atrás da orelha, semelhante a uma incisão de lifting facial.
  • Sob o queixo sem remover qualquer pele e sem a necessidade de uma incisão na frente da orelha.
  • Sob o queixo através de uma incisão em ziguezague.

 

 

Quais são os factores a ter em conta antes do lifting do pescoço?

 

Antes da cirurgia de elevação do pescoço, recomenda-se aos pacientes o seguinte:

 

  • Os doentes devem estar no hospital um dia antes da cirurgia para efectuarem os testes pré-operatórios.
  • Os doentes devem parar de fumar e de consumir álcool pelo menos 2 semanas antes da cirurgia para reduzir o risco de coágulo sanguíneo.
  • Os doentes devem evitar medicamentos que contenham aspirina ou ibuprofeno (Advil, Motrin IB, outros) durante duas semanas antes e depois da cirurgia. Estes medicamentos podem aumentar o risco de hemorragia interna. Os doentes devem confirmar cada medicação com o seu coordenador de doentes.

 

Além disso, o rosto do paciente será examinado e medido, e o cirurgião poderá mandar tirar fotografias para que o paciente possa comparar a aparência antes e depois da cirurgia de lifting de pescoço.

 

Como é efectuada a cirurgia de Lifting do pescoço?

 

A cirurgia de lifting do pescoço pode ser efectuada de várias formas:

 

  • Pode ser efectuada uma incisão atrás da orelha ou, em alternativa, à frente e atrás da orelha, semelhante a uma incisão de lifting facial. Nesta técnica, o excesso de pele do pescoço é removido através da incisão efectuada atrás da orelha.
  • Um método alternativo envolve a criação de uma incisão sob o queixo sem remover qualquer pele e sem a necessidade de uma incisão à frente da orelha. A libertação da pele do pescoço dos músculos subjacentes permite que a pele se contraia sem remoção de pele. O músculo platisma também é apertado através da incisão no queixo.
  • Nos idosos, a pele é removida diretamente por baixo do queixo através de uma incisão em ziguezague. Assim, não é efectuada qualquer incisão à frente ou atrás da orelha. Este facto reduz a complexidade do procedimento.

O excesso de pele e de gordura é então cuidadosamente removido. O tecido e a pele são realinhados e fixados com suturas.

 

Quais são os factores a ter em conta após a cirurgia de lifting do pescoço?

 

Após a cirurgia de lifting do pescoço, os doentes podem sentir inchaço e nódoas negras. Recomenda-se aos pacientes o seguinte:

 

  • Usar uma roupa de compressão especial que será fornecida para reduzir o inchaço.
  • Manter a cabeça direita e não torcer ou dobrar o pescoço.
  • Proteger a pele do sol e usar regularmente protetor solar.

 

Poderão ser necessárias várias semanas a meses para que o inchaço e as nódoas negras desapareçam e até 6 meses para que as linhas de incisão desapareçam completamente.

 

Quais são os riscos da cirurgia de lifting do pescoço?

 

Os riscos envolvidos na cirurgia de lifting do pescoço incluem, mas não se limitam aos seguintes:

 

  • Hematoma, que é uma hemorragia sob a pele.
  • Cicatrização espessa
  • Coágulos de sangue
  • Infeção
  • Lesão do nervo
  • Perda de pele
  • Riscos associados à anestesia

Outro risco possível da cirurgia de lifting do pescoço é o facto de o doente poder não ficar satisfeito com os resultados. Nesta situação, é possível efetuar uma cirurgia de revisão.

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