Cirurgia Ocular LASIK

O que é a cirurgia ocular LASIK?

A cirurgia ocular assistida por laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), também conhecida como cirurgia de correção ocular a laser ou simplesmente cirurgia a laser, visa corrigir distúrbios visuais através de um laser não invasivo. Defeitos visuais como hipermetropia, miopia e astigmatismo, bem como halos e sensibilidade à luz são corrigidos através do método laser sem lâmina.

Por que a cirurgia ocular LASIK é realizada?

A cirurgia de correção ocular a laser é realizada para aliviar erros de refração, como hipermetropia, miopia, presbiopia e astigmatismo. Certos tipos de LASIK reduzem halos, brilhos e melhoram a visão noturna.

Quais são as condições para a cirurgia ocular LASIK?

A cirurgia LASIK é geralmente recomendada para pacientes que:

  • Entre as idades de 25 e 40 anos, os erros de refração devem se estabilizar nessa idade.
  • Ter uma espessura da córnea suficiente, pois a córnea precisa ser capaz de manter sua forma após o LASIK.
  • Ter uma córnea otimamente curvada, se a córnea for muito curva ou muito plana, o LASIK pode não ser um tratamento viável.
  • Não tenha excesso de pressão ocular ou afiação da córnea.
  • Não tenha nenhuma outra doença que afete o olho, como diabetes ou reumatismo.
  • Pode ser submetido com segurança a anestesia local.

Quais são os tipos de cirurgia ocular LASIK?

Existem 3 tipos comumente realizados de cirurgia LASIK que são recomendados de acordo com os defeitos visuais e a espessura da córnea, estes são PRK, iLASIK e Wavefront.

PRK:

PRK, ceratectomia fotorrefrativa, é um procedimento cirúrgico que usa um laser preciso para remover o tecido da córnea, a fim de corrigir erros de refração. A PRK é frequentemente preferida em relação a outros tratamentos quando a espessura da córnea não é adequada para outros tratamentos LASIK. Após PRK, os pacientes são equipados com uma lente de contato protetora que deve ser usada por pelo menos 5 dias.

iLASIK:

o iLASIK é o tratamento LASIK mais comumente preferido e tem a maior chance de produzir uma visão 20/20. O iLASIK é aprovado pela FDA e tem uma taxa de sucesso tão alta que a NASA aprova que os astronautas se submetam ao iLASIK, enquanto outros tratamentos LASIK desqualificam as pessoas de serem astronautas. O iLASIK é personalizado para cada paciente, sendo guiado por um mapeamento da topografia ocular, semelhante ao Wavefront.

Frente de onda:

O software é usado para criar um mapeamento detalhado da córnea e a cirurgia é guiada através do mapeamento. A frente de onda é geralmente utilizada para corrigir grandes irregularidades não refrativas, como hipersensibilidade à luz, reflexos, halos ou diminuição da sensibilidade ao contraste. A frente de onda é frequentemente preferida quando o paciente sofre de astigmatismo grave.

Quais são os fatores a serem considerados antes da cirurgia ocular LASIK?

Espera-se que os pacientes cheguem à Turquia um dia antes da data marcada para a cirurgia, a fim de se submeterem a extensos testes pré-operatórios e consultarem o oftalmologista assistente. O oftalmologista assistente determina qual procedimento será realizado e explica os detalhes do procedimento ao paciente.

Quais são os fatores a serem considerados após a cirurgia ocular LASIK?

Embora o LASIK seja um procedimento ambulatorial, o paciente recebe uma noite de internação hospitalar após a cirurgia LASIK. É comum que o paciente experimente visão embaçada e dor nos olhos nas primeiras horas após a cirurgia. O paciente é aconselhado a:

  • Use o medicamento pós-operatório fornecido conforme as instruções do oftalmologista.
  • Tome analgésicos, se necessário, desde que não sejam diluentes de sangue.
  • Nem dirigir ou ir para o trabalho para os próximos dias após a cirurgia.
  • O paciente é aconselhado a não dirigir ou ir trabalhar pelos próximos 3 a 4 dias.
  • Evite estar em um ambiente empoeirado, pois o olho tratado não deve ser esfregado, arranhado, tocado, lavado ou banhado durante as primeiras 24 horas após a cirurgia.
  • Da mesma forma, evite colocar sabão ou shampoo nos olhos.
  • Use uma gota de lágrima artificial prescrita pelo médico por aproximadamente 3 a 6 meses após a operação.

Quais são os riscos da cirurgia ocular LASIK?

Os riscos da cirurgia ocular LASIK incluem, mas não estão limitados a:

  • Experimentando olhos lacrimejantes e desconforto.
  • Olhos secos ou queimação, irritação, coceira e sensações de corpo estranho no olho.
  • Visão dupla
  • Dor ou ardor nos olhos durante os primeiros 2 a 3 dias após a cirurgia.
  • Visão embaçada

Os pacientes que têm a cirurgia do olho de LASIK começarão a ver claramente dentro de 2 a 3 dias e poderão retornar a suas vidas diárias.

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